\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11
\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u4f8b\u3002
\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u9009\u62e9\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u56fd\u5916\u9009\u62e9
\u6280\u672f\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u80fd\u529b – \u5c31\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u4eca\u5929\u6bd4\u5176
\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u7701\u4efd\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002
1995 \u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\u7701\u51e0\u4e4e\u6295\u7968\u51b3\u5b9a\u6210\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5883\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u5dde;
\u4ec5\u4ee5 0.58%\u7684\u9009\u7968\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7559\u5728\u4e86\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c
\u5f71\u54cd 1995 \u5e74\u516c\u6295\u547c\u5401\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0e\u5bfc\u81f4\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u4eca\u5929\u5bf9\u79fb\u6c11\u62e5
\u6709\u6743\u529b\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20\u76f8\u540c – \u6df1\u6df1\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u8be5\u7701\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002
\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u6e0a\u6e90
\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u6bd4\u82f1\u5c5e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u66f4\u53e4\u8001\u3002
1608 \u5e74\uff08\u6bd4\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u81ea\u6cbb\u9886\u8054\u90a6\u65e9 250 \u591a\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u548c
\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\u585e\u7f2a\u5c14\u00b7\u5fb7\u00b7\u5c1a\u666e\u5170\uff08Samuel de Champlain\uff09\u548c\u4ed6\u7684 28
\u540d\u624b\u4e0b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5e02\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u8be5\u7701\u662f\u65b0\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\uff08\u6a2a\u8de8\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u548c
\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e1c\u6d77\u5cb8\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6cd5\u56fd\u9886\u571f\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002
\u4ed6\u5728\u540d\u4e3a\u65af\u5854\u8fbe\u79d1\u7eb3\u7684\u5e9f\u5f03\u6613\u6d1b\u9b41\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u8fd9\u6837\u505a;\u6613\u6d1b\u9b41\u90e8\u843d
\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6bcd\u8bed\u201ckanata\u201d\u5c06\u4ed6\u5f15\u5bfc\u5230\u8be5\u5730\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d
\u5b57\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u91cc\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u3002
\u5fb7\u5c1a\u666e\u5170\u2014\u2014\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u65b0\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u4e4b\u7236\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u76f4\u62c5\u4efb\u65b0\u6cd5
\u5170\u897f\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 1635 \u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u30021763 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e03\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c
\u6cd5\u56fd\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u5df4\u9ece\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\uff0c\u5c06\u65b0\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u9b41\u5317\u514b\uff09\u7684\u9886\u571f\u5272
\u8ba9\u7ed9\u82f1\u56fd\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u6469\u64e6\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e3a\u4eca\u5929\u5bf9\u6cd5\u8bed\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa
\u7840\u3002
\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\uff08\u82f1
\u56fd\u6b96\u6c11\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff09\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u66fe\u4e24\u6b21\u6210\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u82f1
\u56fd\u7701\uff08\u4eca\u5929\u5206\u4e3a\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u548c\u5b89\u5927\u7565\u7701\uff09\u7684\u9996\u5e9c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728 1867 \u5e74
\u5e76\u5165\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u81ea\u6cbb\u9886\u3002
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u878d\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u81ea\u6cbb\u9886\u4ece\u672a\u50cf\u82f1\u5c5e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u90a3\u6837\u5f7b\u5e95;\u9b41
\u5317\u514b\u4eba\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u4e60\u4fd7\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u3002
1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u662f\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5267\u70c8\u800c\u8fc5\u901f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5b89\u9759
\u7684\u9769\u547d\u201d\u30021961 \u5e74\uff0c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e0e\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u6c11\u4e3b
\u5173\u7cfb – \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5e72\u9884 – \u58f0\u79f0\u4e0e\u5916\u56fd\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a
\u5bf9\u8bdd\u8005\u3002
\u8be5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c06\u5f15\u53d1\u5173\u4e8e\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u548c\u6cd5\u88d4\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8fa9
\u8bba\u30021968 \u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u5316\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u4ece
\u539f\u7c4d\u56fd\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd
\u529b\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u79ef\u5206\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a
\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u3002
1971 \u2013 1991\uff1a \u79fb\u6c11\u8c08\u5224
\u6839\u636e 1867 \u5e74\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u6743\u529b\u4e2d\u5360\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5728
\u8054\u90a6\u548c\u7701\u4e00\u7ea7\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u63a7\u5236 – \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7701\u50cf\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u90a3
\u6837\u5bf9\u5176\u79fb\u6c11\u62e5\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002
\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u5373\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u8be5\u7701\u7684\u79fb
\u6c11\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898 – \u4e0d\u4ec5\u51fa\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c06\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u8bed\u548c\u6cd5
\u8bed\u6587\u5316\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9996\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5c06\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730
\u62db\u52df\u8bb2\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u3002
\u5728 1971 \u5e74\u81f3 1991 \u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u65b0\u8c08\u5224\u5176\u79fb\u6c11\u65b9\u9762
\u7684\u7701\u7ea7\u6743\u529b;\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u56db\u9879\u4e3b\u8981\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u5851\u9020\u8be5\u7701\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff1a
1971 \u5e74\u7684 Lang-Cloutier \u534f\u8bae\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927 – \u9b41\u5317\u514b\u79fb\u6c11\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684
\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206;\u8be5\u534f\u8bae\u5141\u8bb8\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u6d3e\u9a7b\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u56fd
\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u79fb\u6c11\u54a8\u8be2\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9884\u793a\u7740\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11
\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u884c\u653f\u53d8\u5316; 1975 \u5e74\u7684 Andras-Bienvenue \u534f\u8bae
\u4f7f\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u9009\u62e9\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u7701\u8fdb\u884c\u9762\u8c08\u5e76\u5411\u7b7e
\u8bc1\u5b98\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u8be5\u7701\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6cd5\u5f8b
\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u73b0\u5728\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u4efd\u65b0\u7684
\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u610f\u89c1; 1978 \u5e74\u7684 Cullen-Couture \u534f\u8bae\u5c06\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6743
\u5229\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4e34\u65f6\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5176\u9009\u62e9\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5e76\u8d4b\u4e88\u8be5\u7701\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5f71
\u54cd\u529b;\u6700\u540e\uff0c1991 \u5e74\u7684 Gagnon-Tremblay-McDougall \u534f\u8bae –
\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u9b41\u5317\u514b – \u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u534f\u8bae – \u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u8be5\u7701\u5386\u53f2
\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u9879\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u7701\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u79fb\u6c11\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79fb
\u6c11\uff09\u5230\u5176\u8fb9\u5883\u7684\u5168\u9762\u9009\u62e9\u7a0b\u5e8f;\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5728\u8be5\u7701\u7684\u878d\u5408\u548c\u6cd5
\u5316\u3002
\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u5230\u672a\u6765
\u5bf9\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u5386\u53f2\u603b\u7ed3\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8be5\u7701\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u4e4b
\u4e00\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u8bed\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6cd5\u8bed\u3002
1977 \u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c 101 \u53f7\u6cd5\u6848\uff08\u6cd5\u8bed\u5baa\u7ae0\uff09\u751f\u6548\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u7acb\u6cd5\u662f\u9b41\u5317\u514b
\u666f\u89c2\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff0c\u4f7f\u6cd5\u8bed\u6210\u4e3a\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u8bed\u8a00\u3002
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u79fb\u6c11\u513f\u7ae5\u73b0\u5728\u5c06\u5c31\u8bfb\u4e8e\u8bb2\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bb2
\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u3002
2022 \u5e74 6 \u6708\uff0c\u8be5\u5baa\u7ae0\u66f4\u65b0\u4e86\u7b2c 96 \u53f7\u6cd5\u6848\u2014\u2014\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5927
\u4e86\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5bf9\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\u662f\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u5176\u5c45\u6c11\u4e4b
\u95f4\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0e\u5176\u5ba2\u6237\u548c\u987e\u5ba2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\u3001\u4ea7
\u54c1\u6807\u7b7e\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u6c11\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5408\u540c\u5c06\u5b8c\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\u6cd5\u8bed\u3002
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4f60\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff1f
\u4e86\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb
\u4f55\u60f3\u8981\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u8be5\u7701\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u5173\u952e\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5f3a\u8c03\u6cd5
\u8bed\u548c\u6cd5\u8bed\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4e0e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5176\u4ed6\u79fb\u6c11\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u76f8\u4f3c\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u79fb\u6c11
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